Philosophy Essays

The aim of the project was to prevent degradation of the wetland and improve the lives of local people (Davenport 4). However, despite the project’s endeavor, it raised conflicts between the local communities on one side and county councils and the Dominion, founders of the project, on the other side.

Ontology is the best philosophical principle that explains the existence of God. This principle is developed out of perceptions, and the contingent character of nature. For instance, the principles of ontology tend to explain the existence of God, based on the nature of God, i.e. who is God. God is a supreme being who managed to create the world.

This research will begin with the statement that morality is one of the factors that affect people’s decisions. It defines values that an individual seeks to respect when making decisions. A person may follow such principles, strictly, or may sometimes rely on the moral principles weakly. Parsimony test shows the extent to which a person sticks with moral principles.

This research will begin with the statement that Hobbes was a philosopher of English, who had a pessimistic view of the humankind. He saw humans as creatures that would undertake any measure to better their situations. Besides, he asserted that individuals should not be allowed to make decisions thus the state should have an authority figure that would provide leadership and direction.

According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the risks in the donation process including death could lead to unhappiness in some of the people. There is an option of obtaining liver from a deceased person without any risk. The result of his actions had the possibility of not achieving the best outcome that the majority expected.

Consoling a grieving friend arises from duty, which is part of moral judgments. It is the right thing to do in such a situation. Normative judgment specifies that consoling a person, as a specific course of action, is the rational course if they are grieving. Emotions motivate moral obligation because one empathizes by showing compassion.

The author states that on the morality of happiness, Plato takes a rather subdued point of view. This is because he views happiness differently compared to other philosophers. Secondly, he treats happiness as a kind of perfection that is difficult to attain. He deduced this idea from the writings of Auguste Comte.

In this topic, Hume is referring to the controversy that exists on the issues of free will and determinism. Hume argues that all human beings irrespective of whether they are learned or not face the challenge of the relationship between liberty and determinism. He traces the root cause of this controversy.

He argues that evil is nothing more than the parts of man or the parts of the state that are out of balance. He observes that might does not make it right since justice is not just strength but he alludes that it is harmonious strength desires, thus justice is never the right of the strong ones, rather the effective synchronization of the whole.

Hume felt that since human beings live and function in the world, we should try to observe how they do so. The key principle to be applied to any investigation of our cognitive capacities is, then, an attempt to discover the causes of human belief. According to Hume, the proper goal of philosophy is simply to explain why we believe what we do.

At a time when Greece, as a superpower, wielded enormous influence in every sphere of human activity, there was a little indication in the beginning of the 800th century B.C. the turmoil and testing time Greece was headed to would lead to a complete turn around for the worse in Greek as well as world history.

The author explains that Daoism has transformed and developed from China, Japan and Korea. Unlike Buddhism and Christianity Daoism has no single founder, or single holy messages such as noble truths and Bible. Today Daoism established as a meaningful and highly prominent religious community.

This essay demonstrates that Socrates thinks it is important to pursue wisdom, as it will help realize the human ignorance on the perception of wisdom. Socrates further thinks and claims that only the God can be wise. According to Socrates, human wisdom is limited and by realizing that he knows nothing he can achieve a lot.

I would have for example safeguarded the organization’s long-term interest in securing potentials of fresh recruits. The fact that the contract with the first employee was not coerced and that she did not meet all requirements also identifies justice with bargaining power as the basis for the difference.

 In the U.K. the rights of the individual are protected. This is not true in every society depending upon social and political orientation. In free societies, however, there is a recognized balance between freedom and control-- between what people are technically allowed to do versus laws that often say otherwise.

The author explains that induction is the method of reasoning based on experiences. The method of induction infers one’s previous experiences to predict the future. The problem of induction concerns providing supportive justifications and description of the inductive principles. One may argue that the sun would rise the following day.

The Socrates succeeded in showing the Sophists about the lack of validity of their theories of relativism and moral realism. In the Book, I of the Republic, after Thrasymachus says, “I proclaim that justice is nothing else than the interest of the stronger,” which confirms his stance on moral realism.

The conclusion that Stuart and Aristotle have differing viewpoints in their epistemological and metaphysical attitudes. Stuart believes that happiness should be an ultimate end in life as an individual maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain and Aristotle believes that a satisfactory life comprises a robust intellectual virtue, a sound moral virtue, and developed reasoning faculties.

This research will begin with the statement that the question of personal identity has been studied in depth by many scholars in the past and present. However, the researcher is drawn to Hume’s arguments since they seem more convincing than any presented by the other scholars. Besides, they are the most regarded.

The paper tells that the story of John Cooper is one of the tragic interpretation of the philosophic thinking. While elements of goodwill may be possible in Cooper’s action, this would be seen as unfair and burden to the family. The ability to offer a substantial explanation to explain why someone would risk his life over a stranger is not logic.

This essay analyzes that it is notable that though both methodologies set out to achieve the same end, the convergence of the two has made for irreparable separations in the nature of thought on the one issue of existence. Ontology argues with no apology for allowance of an overarching idea, a whole nature of things, which exist as independent of the mind.

According to a liberal measurement of human life value, the liberal policy of European and United States stated that the value of human life is secondary in comparison with a person’s will. This means that if a person can be considered as adequate, the person is responsible for one’s own decisions and actions.

As the paper discusses within the past century and a half, the theory of evolution, put forward and expounded upon eloquently by Charles Darwin, has come to define the way in which the majority of the educated and learned individuals within society integrate with an understanding and appreciation for where life originated.

Hedonism is the life philosophy that argues pleasure is the only thing worth anything in life. Along with this line, people who believe in this philosophy seek out pleasure in the lifestyle they lead, often to the exclusion of other considerations. Hedonists pursue pleasure to a point of decadence that is at times offensive to some people.

People move for their own personal reasons. Some want fitness, whereas others need a refuge and time for just themselves. I believe that participating in activity class is my way of learning self-discipline. This is the skill that I have been meaning to develop for some time. It is important to note that self-discipline is not just one skill.

As the paper, Using Human Embryos in Stem Cell, stresses the early-stage embryo only contains between 200 and 300 different cells in this very immature stage of development. It is during this period in gestation that the blastocyst becomes the prime target for the harvesting of pluripotent stem cells that are extracted for research.

Kierkegaard’s self is more preoccupied with whether it is headed toward salvation or not; while the self Descartes is primarily concerned with knowing an absolute, rational truth. Proving that it exists is in itself a step towards self-fulfillment, while in Kierkegaard this question does not really arise. Descartes’ self is also entirely rational.

The essay also digs deeper into possibilities of how different people have different approaches in attaining happiness. The discussion gets twisted when it turns out clear that some of the chosen aspects may turn out to disappoint in large proportions. An individual banking all hopes of happiness in their children who actually end up being rather spoilt brats.

The ancient Greek philosophers understood hubris as something of an affront to the gods. Whereas it is true that the pre-determinism does not have an active place in the sub conscious unless of American people one speaks about Presbyterian circles, this term plays a powerful role in the modern culture.

Mencius saw human beings as having been born with the potency to be good, and he argued that the people who turn out to be bad have just been corrupted by the environment (Stevenson, 24). Mencius began his argument in support of his view on human nature by responding to and refuting Kao Tzu’s argument that human nature is neither good nor bad.

Most consumers, especially retailers demand to be supplied with materials, by supplier companies, at lower prices. In doing so, they reduce the profit margin the supplying firm, which in the long-run, has to adjust its cost, like laying off employees or reducing operational cost so as to remain operating in the firm.

In this essay, the core concept shall be on the highlighting the reasons why Plato put much emphasis on the controlling of the children’s exposure to aesthetic influences in early education. Subsequently, study shall seek to determine the merits and demerits that could be affiliated with this programme of education as was propagated by Plato.

According to the report, no one can have a moral right to make decisions about the death and life of other people, regardless of whether they are ill or are not capable of making decisions. Baby Theresa was born with a terrible disease that left her no chance for recovery and she was alive only for 9 days served.

The film is about ethics in the society. It is all about William Ward who was found killed in his bed in new York in a shack on a dairy farm where they lived with his brother Roscoe and Lyman. The death was initially thought to have come from a natural cause since the victim was always sick with several ailments.

Speaking about an Ancient Indian view on meditation, one should point out that Yoga itself implied a certain state or condition, as well as a technique, and a particular kind of union. Patanjali considered Yoga to be “the cessation of the modifications of the mind” (“The Meaning and Purpose of Yoga”, n.d.).

The use of neuroimaging techniques in lie detection can be discussed in depth to figure out how the technology can be applied for the benefit of the society.

There is so much of epistemology that has risen in opposition or defense of skepticism. Chisholm (1992), claims that one can classify a number of theories in terms of knowledge according to their responses of skepticism. For example, some of the people that can be viewed as skeptical are rationalists, in terms of the possibility of empirical knowledge at the same time not being skeptical on the possibility of prior knowledge but not in regard to empirical knowledge.

It speaks to one’s political beliefs, one’s heritage and history, and it helps people define themselves in terms of cultural groups. We form traditions, we develop a relationship with God, and we follow certain doctrines which dictate to us how to treat other human beings.

The fact that Descartes — a single individual — cannot doubt his own existence while he thinks, forms the "foundation" of a new philosophy. Descartes implies that anyone who wishes may follow the same process of reasoning, confirm his own existence, then the existence of God, and so forth (Bicknell, 2003 p. 28).

This essay presents a research that was conducted on the theories of Kant, who is a famous philosopher who made a great contribution into the development of philosophy in general and of ethics, as a branch of philosophy. His unique ethical theory is even more remarkable than his works in epistemology and metaphysic.

While conceding to the fact that “Suffering in the Context of Religion,” is dominated by Luther’s writings, an explanation and analysis of his stance vis-à-vis the dual nature of man and the world he occupies, the shift to Locke, Rousseau, Nietzsche and Skinner, to name but a few, is seamless.

The leadership approach gained interest in the earlier years of the twentieth century and then it became more categorized and systematic. Earlier, the leadership theories focused on the qualities which showed the difference between leaders and followers but with time, the focus shifted to the variable factors like the situations, skill level, etc.

It was Socrates's great dedication to seek and spread knowledge, which encouraged the Athenian youth to develop yearnings and taste for learning and wisdom. Socrates is remembered as the great torch-bearer of truthfulness, justice, and equality, which are the golden principles for laying the foundations of a political and social establishment.

Utilitarian punishment holds the argument that punishment is justified only in incidences which serve to reduce future criminal acts. Deterrence is preferred and has been proven effective in reducing criminal actions in a portion of the population who are never sentenced to complete incapacitation, such as prison as well as stabilizing statistics.

Euthanasia is a medical concept which in simple terms means gentle or easy death. It is defined as the premeditated speeding up of the death of an individual based on a medical condition that is terminal (Butts & Rich, 2013). It is a topic that reflects one of the recent issues that are debatable and brings about many questions that need answers.

The symbolism predicated in the story at various levels in different ways is reflected in the title itself which signifies the value inherent in interpretation. This doesn’t undermine the clarity and purpose of the piece written by Kafka since the philosophers and theorists still refer to the text for the sake of argumentation and logic.

First, as human life generally consists of certain day-to-day achievements accumulated in the course of time and eventually leading an individual to a certain ‘major' purpose (which is, of course, defined by him/herself), the loss of freedom to accomplish minor goals makes a person lose meaning in life.

The article extinguishes education, economic status, culture and social life as factors that affect people’s health. All these show the relationship of individual being with the environment where they live. There is a need to consider all relevant factors while dealing with health and diseases to ensure better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

As the paper stresses civil wars are mostly caused by political indifferences where different groups support leaders with different ideologies, which cause conflicts. Most people died due to lack of food and shelter for their families as well as the lack of medical care from the kind of dangers they were exposed. 

As the study declares dualist subscribe to the fact that the body dies and perishes while the soul survives death. The soul is believed to exist in some forms or fashions. The concept subscribes to the physicalism, which argues that humans are physical in entirety. The process does not provide any alternative means of sustaining our consciousness.