Science Essays

The geometric sequence has been known in human history from very ancient times. One of the first researchers to analyze geometric progressions and some of their properties was Euclid (Elements, books VIII and IX). A sequence is called geometric if every one of its terms starting from the second can be founds product of the previous term.

Yet, through mishaps and improper record keeping, Franklin was ultimately ignored by her peers until after her passing. Despite this seemingly unfair course of events, Franklin continued to work and communicate with the very men who appeared to ignore her value.

The Neo-Darwinism of evolution contends that all life on earth arose from a common ancestor. This was postulated to occur due to random mutations of genes, which survived following the process of natural selection. Where these mutations were beneficial and had survived natural selection, it led to a replicative process leading to more offspring.

Some substances in the solid state have a distinct regular array of constituent particles. Such an arrangement facilitates the formation of constant angles between their faces. The faces are found to have distinct edges. Obviously, a definite relationship is observed between the faces or edges and/to the arrangement of the constituent particles.

Gene patents are a subset of a wider category of biological patents. Patents are granted only on specific isolated genes whose function is known. There are many benefits to gene patenting but there are also some controversies to its use. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) regulates the patenting of genes and gene products (Barton, pg121-125).

In the last decade or so, the environmental concerns of what was once a clear minority group of people have spread to a larger part of the human population and fact become manifested into government legislation in a move to conserve the earth. The leaders of the movement have claimed human responsibility for a rise in natural disasters like hurricanes or so.

Drosophila melanogaster is a fruit fly, a small insect of the kind that gathers around spoiled fruit. Drosophila has been used as a representative organism for research for almost a century, and today, several thousand scientists are effective on many different characteristics of the fruit fly.

There Exist many different modes of research in the world of today. As the world is now evolving into more of a global village. Research is becoming a vital part of businesses, products, etc. The use of Primary Data, secondary data, conducting of interviews, and distribution of questionnaires are some of the many modes or methodologies of research.

They believe in its full potential to uplift UK economy. It also offers answers to most of the biggest issues of today, claimed Silva. The Council of Science and Technology found a few points to be improved in the government's nanotechnology agenda. The reports suggested that thorough research on toxicology of nanotechnology needs more funding, and if not released will make UK economy suffer.

No females have ever been seen to be affected by the disease. The most likely cause of this would be the disease being sex-linked, and linked to the X chromosome. If a female did happen to inherit the bad gene, she would end up with the genotype for the gene but would only be a carrier, and not actually develop the disease.

The new cell line has been introduced hereafter and it is noted here that, significantly, it is one of the few thoroughly neuronal cell lines that can be induced to reversibly differentiate under culture conditions. This property is of special significance to the project as the emphasis of research is on the NKCC1 member, one that is known to have two isoforms - NKCC1a and NKCC1b.

Systematic studies of thunderstorm electricity began in 1752 when an experiment proposed by B.Franklin was conducted in France. These experiments gave revealed that thunderclouds were electrified (Rakov & Uman: pp.1, 12). Lightning or the entire lightning discharge, whether it strikes the ground or not, is usually termed a "lightning flash" or "bolt".

It is perhaps a truism to say that each time a book is read it ‘becomes’ something unique as it is filtered through the perspective of an individual reader with a unique perspective – both in terms of what they have read, and what they have experienced. While it may not be currently popular to argue so, a text does not exist until it is brought to life within the imagination of the reader.

Many amendments  of  classical  techniques  and  theories  were  formulated  in  order  to  seek  solutions  to  those  intricacies,  within  which  the  Control  Theory  emerged.  It is  an  interdisciplinary  branch  of  engineering  and  mathematics  dealing  with  the  nature  of  dynamic  systems. 

software), which satisfy some real human need. (EDP, 2006) According to Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, "Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is a decision-making process (often iterative), in which the basic science and mathematics and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated objective.

Initially, these monosaccharides have to be activated to high-energy donor molecules to act as precursors for glycan synthesis. This activation process requires nucleoside triphosphates (like UTP or GTP) and a glycosyl-1-phosphate and is catalyzed by a kinase. Three types of sugar transporters carry sugars across the plasma membrane into the cells. 

Each new development is accompanied by acceptance, criticisms and at times even ethical issues. Gene therapy remains one such debated issue with maximum ethical criticisms despite the wide spectrum of benefits it offers to mankind. Gene therapy is a concept derived from cloning domain which defined as the "replication of one or more individual plants or animals, (whole or in parts) through asexual scientific method creating exact copies of the parent cell".

All these experiments were repeated four times and the mean and standard deviation was represented in the form of graph. Molloplast was found to be least supportive of the growth of the MRSA 16, followed by viscogel and acrylic resin (Figure 1). The dentures need cleaning to prevent bad breath, any further tooth loss, inflamed gums or infections like that of MRSA 16.

We are all living in the society in individual roles as well as within the group with or without knowing about the society and the elements and their interactions among one another in the society. The society in which we live consists of a large number of groups/elements, which have a large bearing on the way we behave and live.

Anthropologists in general look at cross-cultural differences in social institutions, cultural beliefs, and communication styles. In fact in recent years with the growing globalization, this subject has gained much more importance. Knowledge about human diversity is helpful, especially in the case of global organizations.

The protection of confidentiality and privacy of data in organizational research is a critically important issue. The first and foremost justification of strict confidentiality and privacy of data is the assumption that study participants are likely to provide really credible and valid data only when they are sure the research properly protects information.

The remains were named Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis), after the place it was discovered. The modern field of paleoanthropology is said to have begun with the discoveries of Neanderthal "man" and evidence of other "cave men" in the 19th century (Human evolution 2005).

For the study of the relationship between weight loss and change in Triglyceride (hereafter, TG) level, we can calculate the summary statistics, such as the measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. For the prediction of changes in TG le,with weightghchangesgee can also use, correlation and regressions analysis.

As the paper outlines, it is evidently clear from the discussion that in many tissues, such as adrenal glands, ovaries, placenta, testicles, adipose tissue, and brain it catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. Aromatase inhibitor has no influence on estrogen output from ovaries, but it has influence by interfering with the body’s use of aromatase.

Whereas, in the following oxidation (half-reaction) , each Iron atom has undergone an increase in oxidation number. From +2 to +3. That is, at the start of the titration, the deep violet color of MnO4-will be lost because it is changing to Mn+2, but as soon as there is no more Fe2+ in the solution for the MnO4-to react with, the MnO4-will remain in the reaction solution.

Bacillus is actually a kind of soil bacteria but can also be found in both living and dead insects, and on plant surfaces.It owes its name to a town in Germany called Thuringia where Ernst Berliner got a sample from a mill where dead flour moths lie; Bt, he assumed, being the cause of their death.

A geographical Information System (GIS) is an information system that is designed particularly for the management of spatial (or geographical) data. GIS CT merges a set of interconnected variables, implements software and other mechanisms. Together create, edit, manipulate, analyze and display data both in text and graphic forms.

A dependent variable is the annual production of municipal solid waste in million tons. An independent variable is the number of years after 1960. Based on the municipal solid waste data from the graph, I received such numbers for independent and dependent variables for the models.  121 = a + b*10 217 = a + b*37 The solution is a=85.4, b=3.56. The first linear function is: Annual MSW = 85.4+3.56*

Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced, industrial civilization but also that the rate of technological change has developed its momentum in recent centuries.  Technology serves as an alternative to the technological problems of the industrialized nations.

Dogs are relegated as canids. Canids also include Wolves, Foxes, Jackals, and Dingoes. The domestic dog is an extremely close relative of the gray wolf, differing from it by at most 0.2% in mitochondrial DNA sequence. The gray wolf differs from its closest wild relative, the coyote, by about 4% of the mitochondrial DNA sequence.

12*1/3=4. here the total area is the area of the triangle in the stage 0 plus the areas of the smaller triangles with side 1/3, which are 3 in number. At stage 2 each side of the figure in the stage 1 is replaced by the zigzag line(keeping the orientation same) with each segment of the zigzag line being 1/3 of the each side in the stage 1 i.e.

Like many famous figures in the history of astronomy, Ptolemy sought to extend the range of his subject's predictive powers beyond the mere structure of the celestial revolutions and into human affairs. His presentation and defense of astrological prediction, the Tetrabiblos, survives and is a significant contribution to a debate we have already considered.

People are attempting to determine the sex of their children for centuries and there are many superstitions, methods and old tales about what is the likelihood of having a girl or a boy fetus. Countless manoeuvres during the coitus and the first weeks of pregnancy can increase the probability of conceiving the desired child’s sex.

A vast historical database potentially contains valuable information that can assist the analysis of abnormal conditions and help diagnose process faults. In particular, locating similar (but not necessary identical) conditions in the historical data can be very useful in the diagnosis of an abnormal condition.

GM foods can be directly or indirectly consumed by humans or animals. Genetically modified foods are basically genetically engineered foods. Farmers are involved in making better quality foods that are pest resistant and more nutritious. It can be produced with a lesser gestation period and taste better than natural produce.

Specific association between the culture cell line and the cotransporter has not been made in this paper. That has been left to the dissertation that shall elucidate in the results of the research experiments. The paper expounds upon the seven cation-coupled chloride cotransporters that have been described to date with specific emphasis placed on KCC2.

Fredrick W Khune called these molecules enzymes. Except for a few catalytic RNA molecules, all enzymes are proteins. Their catalytic activity depends on the integrity of their native conformation. Some enzymes require no chemical groups for activity other than their amino acid residues.

A man can get a wife in exchange for other goods. The female’s clan demands a certain number and amount of spears, baskets, and pigs. The male’s clan evaluates the ability of the wife-to-be in terms of tending the pigs and the plot, and in making baskets and sorts of implements. Anything valued in terms of tools is also expected to perform like a tool.

MHC or major histocompatibility complex is characterized by immune responses. Genetic diversity is noted as the main feature of MHC and MHC is considered as the most polymorphic genetic system. MHC exercises a pathogen driven selection which is mediated through frequency-dependent selection or heterozygote advantage.

It is widely believed that the dissemination of scientific information and inculcation of scientific attitude among masses at large is necessary for the progress of a country. Science communicates programmed and activities have a very important role to play in developing a scientifically informed and attitudinally rational society.

In the event that it goes beyond that, the unit may be considered too expensive. Furthermore, if manufacturers discover that customers are not willing to pay for air conditioning units beyond 449, then they may be compelled to produce units that do not go beyond an 11.0 EER to limit costs.

Using the current best evidence is a key practice of science; therefore, reading research articles critically is a skill to develop to explore research independently. The article has its strengths and weakness, but as the methods were described in detail, this enabled other researchers to replicate the research examining other aspects of the problem.

This action research-based, the interpretive approach is strongly influenced by Vickers' (1968, pp.59,176) description of the importance of appreciative systems in dealing with human complexity. Check land (1981), and Check land and Scholes (1990) have attempted to transform these ideas from systems theory into a practical methodology that is called Soft Systems Methodology (SSM).

The report will present information that was ascertained in other research such as the studies at Dart Observatory at the Brittania Royal Naval College. It will analyze the influences on sound velocity, of salinity and temperature, and show how researchers find results and make determinations based on those analyses and calculations.

NSW Threatened Species Act 1995 lists as vulnerable species, the Capartee Stringybark (Eucalyptus Cannonni) in their schedule 2. This species is also listed in the Commonwealth Endangered Species Act of 1992 as vulnerable species. This is normally a tree of 10-15 m high with a stringybark.

As with any research project determining the best methodology to gather data when conducting research is of paramount importance to ensure the success of one’s research project.  Inevitably, when a discussion arises concerning methodology, there is the usual debate over the pros and cons of quantitative analysis versus qualitative analysis. 

UK being a significant player in the global arena is also going ahead with a number of pioneering efforts towards making the safety and security of the lives of its citizens. All such efforts require energy and fuels. But somewhere done the line, such rapid advancements are also leading to adverse side-effects.

By the 17th - 20th day of gestation, the primitive embryo grows as the neural plate, which is a sheet of cells that finally develop into the nervous system of a man. The spinal cord is developed during third and fourth weeks. The cerebral hemispheres separate in the fifth week.

In the UK, a third National Student Survey is proposed to be carried out in year 2007. This was a recommendation that NSS be conducted on yearly basis by Quality Assurance Review Framework Group. There are two types of market research methods, the qualitative research and the quantitative research.

The dorsal column-lemnisci pathway is an ascending somatic sensory pathway conveying tactile and proprioceptive information for the body and posterior third of the head. This pathway consists of Aα & Aβ fibbers characterized with high velocity (30 to 110 m/sec) of impulse conduction.