Psychology Essays

The supporters of imposing limitations and penalties upon children through the use of force view punishment as vehemently necessary one to get them to distinguish right from wrong as well as make them acquainted with the system of reward and punishment that has been in vogue in every human society for centuries.

The experiment of the second study was done in a controlled environment, but more simulated in the sense that the participants were not given any instructions. The lack of instruction simulates a real-life scenario where the person unexpectedly becomes a witness for a crime as preparation for a crime can alter the memory performance of a person.

A repeated topic in the literature of psychology is the argument over nurture and nature. The question of whether humans are initially a creation of hereditary or are they molded is a constant debate. A phobia may be obtained by classical conditioning and an individual can get rid of it by applying the same technique.

Each culture has a different definition of happiness. This means that wheat may be viewed as happiness cannot be viewed as happiness in another cultural setting. A look at most of the western countries shows that they place a priority on different accomplishments. Such accomplishments can be academic, social status, political, and athletics.

The projection of global poverty theories suggests that there are at least two possible methods to address poverty. One approach is based on the limits placed on the interference of more advanced nations into the affairs of poorer nations. The other approach is based on poorer nations evolving stronger institutions.

Students should also be encouraged in self-regulated learning. They should be prompted to organize their study lessons, plan their approach towards exam preparation and control their medium of instruction by using alternative educational supplements such as multimedia interactives, online educational tools, and virtual laboratories.

My lifetime goals are also extremely vital to me because they keep me focused. I am interested in the accountancy field, where I would like to be the finance director. I would also want to manage my firm so that I can also employ people to work under me. My lifetime goal is to become a worldwide business person who can work well with people.

The use of alcohol has a close association with sleep disorders, which leads students towards failure in the efforts to show good academic performance. “Alcohol consumption tends to disrupt sleep, particularly during the second half of a night of sleep”. When alcohol affects the second half of the sleep, it causes daytime sleepiness in the student.

The author concludes that after a few weeks, the task of overcoming sexual frustration seemed unattainable. The client was unable to differentiate feelings of friendship and sexual attraction, he could not exactly place attraction and love to the people in his life. What added to this confusion is that he could not identify roles as per his gender

The coaching practice was both challenging and rewarding in terms of enabling one to identify both strengths and weaknesses. The experience of having assisted the client in identifying the problem and working out an effective solution was fulfilling and confirmed one’s skills as an investigator, reflector, guide, facilitator and contractor.

It will also analyze how my experience has been changing, as I became an adult, and my understanding of how my experience and development differ from my parents’, children’s' and grandparents' experience. The paper will also use material from the readings and illustrate it with my developmental experience as case material.

The need for achievement has the same concept as the need for affiliation and power but has different motivating factors. In the need for affiliation, the employee finds motivation through working with and helping other people. Those who have a need for power find motivation in influencing other people rather than just being successful themselves.

The book, “Mothers are like that”, written by Carol Carrick tributes mothers and eulogizes them. This book reveals the universal nature of all mothers in the world whether it is a chicken guarding her nest full of eggs or whether it a human mother tucking her baby into the bed at night. This book highlights the fact that all mothers are the same.

Treatment or management of sexual offense behaviors has a medical, psychological and legal perspective and calls for a comprehensive assessment of the individual case to understand and determine whether they have an association with mental illness or not, thus the method of treatment. Various methods of assessment of sex offensive cases in existence include but not limited.

Many diseases seem to overlap in the DSM model; in OCD, one may either count or not count kleptomania as they have many similarities as well as many differences. Compulsive shopping disorder is also another factor but in this case, patients buy a lot of things and are high in debt rather than stealing them.

Notably, through comparison, it is agreeable that the use of research survey and experiments as a method of studying political psychology is considered as the most effective technique to use. This is as compared to the method of depth interviews, which is liable to several points of weaknesses based on the several questions involved within.

These negative sensations are induced by innate emotions, along with human desires to confront imminent or perceived dangers related to death and dying. Also, views and perceptions concerning death are attributable to individuals' stateswoman status of anxiety, which occurs upon deliberation of its occurred expected is common.

To tell you the truth, I do not compare. I have enjoyed working, and I have lived life to the fullest. So, he doesn't  think that he would have done something more if he was younger. He has reaping the rewards of suitable financial investments. So, he has also enjoying and loving every bit of my life. I can say that this is better than when he was younger (Laughs loudly). 

It so appeared that much of the motivation for this action was taken from the awaited reaction of the audience to the gutsiness of his act. In the same way, many adolescent girls get pregnant as their personal fable encourages them that pregnancy will occur to others but never to them and so they don’t require any precautions.

Erikson’s psychosocial theory clearly indicates that having to solve the main “conflicts” made in the “earlier developmental stages” creates a major influence in also trying to resolve the crisis in the following stages, or simply the adult stages (Rosenthal, Gurney, & Moore, 1981, p. 534). What was done on the first stage creates an impact on the next, and so on.

The role of gender was interesting to me since I noted that men and women still differ in their interpersonal styles when it comes to leadership. Men are competitive, analytical, and autocratic and favor hierarchical authority and high leader control while women are more democratic in that they are cooperativeness, collaboration, lower leader control, and intuitive problem-solving.

The counseling follows the present trend in behavior in that it incorporates not only in the modification of the behavior that is observable and measurable, but it also modifies expectations, feelings, perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and thoughts, all of which influence behavior. The psychodynamic approach assists counseling clients to understand the main cause of their issues and problems.

The division of this study includes psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Psychology focuses on the study of brain functions, emotions, cognitions, and the development of relationships. Sociology focuses on the study of human groups and societies. Sociologists study the influencing factors that bind human groups together.

The state of unemployment has led the client in a situation of financial instability and the loss of self-esteem. She has lost her former social friends and feels diminished in society. Her numerous efforts to find another job have remained unsuccessful. The client feels that she lacks the necessary skills that could fit her into gainful employment. 

Through examples of world leaders, implications of human thinking are presented throughout the pages of the book. However, the work is not free from critique and attracts negative views as well. Many are of the belief that the context and central idea of the book has been explained in a way that falls short of perfection and clarity

Moreover, this hostile approach pursued by the writer is typically indicative that perhaps he was miserably short of rational and logical arguments in favor of his stance. The response being asked for by the writer has nothing to do with the actual debate about the issue being discussed by him. It fails to convince the more reasonable readers that all the societal concerns being evinced about child health and safety are obsessive and excessive,

Not just strategies but the uses of excellent administrative skills are necessary to combat workplace conflicts. In the presence of a good leader, such situations can be resolved, and control from appearing again becomes possible.

From the moment of birth, infants are competent individuals who are able to explore the surrounding environment. Once the basic reflexes disappear, they will show intentional and purposeful behavior. As experts point out, infants’ ability to make some simple movements such as crawling and to manipulate objects adds to their potential to explore the world.

According to Gross (2010), interpersonal relationship refers to peaceful coexistence between individuals in their immediate social environment based on their interest, skills, gender, and professional skills. Understanding these theories therefore contributes to improving romantic relationships since they give different implications.

A survey conducted recently in the United States to determine the general national health of children suggested that more than 4 million children above 4 and below 18 years suffer from ADHD. This implies that between 3 and 5 percent of the United States children suffer from this condition. This translates to more than 1 million American children.

And undoubtedly our physique renders us appealing to some and not to other people, and fascinating us to some people but not to other people. Another aspect involved in people’s choice of companion; however, as influential if not further, is people’s personality style. 

I shift my sitting position quietly to the back of the classroom carefully not to cause a disturbance. The participants, on the other hand, watch me closely until I settle on another seat. I doodle on my pad repeatedly to watch their interactions with the instructor. I notice that the participants in the middle of the class are middle-class Americans. 

There are numerous reasons which can lead to the most destructive action (divorce) in a couple’s life. The author of the paper argues in a well-organized manner that in many societies, divorce is considered a detested and tabooed action due to religious and cultural beliefs. Yet, it has been condemned by all religions in some way or the other.

The thesis is that it is by virtue of James' important contributions to the psychological sciences- from functionalism as a foundational paradigm to original thinking on emotions, how the self is perceived and characterized, and 'stream of consciousness, and the impact of that work on later psychologists, that we can consider William James to be indeed American psychology's father.  

Adolescence is a stage that occurs as a transition period from childhood to adulthood. During the period, teenagers from the male and female sexes often develop physical, psychological, and behavioral changes. This stage prevails between puberty and adulthood stages. Researches indicate that there have are tremendous changes to the occurrence of adolescence.

Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud was created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior.

A specific example of family abuse comes from Siegel and Welsh (2012), who reported the case of Lisa, a young European-American, who was imprisoned for murder (p.260). Lisa said she joined gangs because she wanted to escape her troubled home life. Her mother was an alcoholic, while her father was a convicted rapist.

The position of Obhi and Haggard clearly demonstrates the main point of Libet, which tries to emphasize that free will is none existent and it is just an illusion after all (Obhi & Haggard, 2004). According to Libet, it is likely that the human brain has the actual function of preparing movement prior to the real action of the subject to initiate a conscious movement.

Business Psychology is essentially an applied science taking a clue from several established and proven theories that have a basis in human psychology. The ultimate objective is to create a productive environment and healthy relationship among people based on the basic understanding that renowned psychologists such as Sigmund Freud, Watson, Skinner, Abraham Maslow.

Finally, on psychological criticism, there is also a book on the ‘Cast of Amontillado’. This essay entails life history of Edgar and his experiences in life before his death. These experiences are of no doubt affected his psychological well-being. Furthermore, they may have been the contributors to his failures and therefore his death.

The objective solitary confinement also offers extensive benefits to the entire correction facility. The threats that the ill patients offer to other prisoners are not only eliminated during confinement but are solved for the prisoners’ entire stay in the facility after recovery and release from confinement.

A mental model according to Bell, Arthur, Day and Edwards (2006) can be described as a pattern that the mind forms of people in order to better understand information. A mental model, in reality, is the basis on which people can encounter the new information. It mainly helps determine what is expected from the information and how to analyze it.

Research is a big part of occupational psychology as they help generate new ideas, and determine which route psychological research will take. However, they should be evaluated and analysed to make sure that they fit the customer’s specifications. Therefore, it involves a lot of data collection, interpretations, and reviews.

The therapists are required to interact with participants during the exercise and find out how they are doing and how they are feeling during the process. After the program, the participants will be required to harvest the ripe tomatoes and green pepper which will be sold and the money donated to charity. They are then to be evaluated.

I think Berkeley’s premise is that if something cannot be observed, then it does not exist. This premise has some odd consequences despite its attempt to address the problem resulting from the veil-of perception. Primarily, this premise suggests that a human being’s ideas are mental entities existing in an individual’s mind.

Exposing the fetus to alcohol could thus lead to the birth of an alcoholic. Excessive intake of drugs and tobacco and exposure to emotional shocks and falls are some other environmental factors that could deter fetus development. In addition to illegal drugs, aspirin and thalidomide have serious effects of fetal development.

Cognitive dissonance is a situation involving conflicting beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that makes an individual feel uncomfortable in that situation. This feeling of discomfort then forces an individual to restructure and change their attitudes towards an object, a situation, or a person, to reduce the discomfort and restore balance.  

The fact that a person could be suffering from low self-awareness can lead to engagement in extreme sports to eliminate low self-esteem and raise his or her ego. People with egoic mindset often undertake a self-awareness test which often compels them to realize that they require a motor activity that can raise their self-awareness  

The theory of social learning which was proposed by a psychologist who was known as Albert has become the most influential theory of learning and development. Being rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, he believed that direct fortification could not account for every learning category. 

Sigmund Freud is one of the authors who has first written extensively on dreams. It is important to denote that theory of dreams advocated by Freud has a biological origin, however, it is psychological in real practice. Freud was able to explain how dreams reflect the desires and urges of people, but ones that are suppressed by the community.