Philosophy Essays

Moreover, he acknowledges that beyond those elements are mutual affection, nourishment of children and assistance. For Locke, marriage is not just utilitarian; there is a factor of love to it. In the same way, a dad’s power over his kids is not absolute, a man’s power over his spouse is not absolute also.

d is an improvement of Popper’s and Kuhn’s philosophies of science it is instructive to briefly look at Popper’s and Kuhn’s accounts of the scientific method. According to Karl Popper, science grows and proceeds through conjectures and refutations. For Popper, every

Jean Baptiste Lamarck was among the earliest researchers to develop the theory of evolution. According to his observations in the said field, every organism was believed to have adapted to its environment, which took place over a long period of time.

He confidently affirms that forgiveness has the power to deal with all these kinds of oppression and even protect and individual from future oppression. Instead of taking the victim-oppressor approach, Gould outlines that both the oppressor and the

The aim of this essay is to identify what Vipassana is, its history, methods and practice. The essay looks at three methods involved. The practice of this technique involves a number of systematic practices which are discussed below. Amongst the world’s most ancient techniques of meditation is Vipassana. Gotama the Buddha said he had rediscovered a practice that was much older practiced twenty-five centuries ago. 

An example of this is the explanation of the world and the fundamental of being by metaphysicists. Such individuals focus on clarification of the fundamental notions of people to understand the world in terms of its objectives and existence among other areas of concern. Epistemology is one thing that offers the scope and nature of knowledge.

There are different philosophical inferences made regarding the issue of free will and determinism. Concurrently, there are myriad interpretations of these philosophical elements. Ayer, in his philosophical essays, tries to reestablish the argument of free will and determinism compatibility (Ayer 255).

Stephen Law has sowed doubt by his hypothesis of evil-god challenge. Nevertheless, his own belief is that any theistic idea cannot be proven in the truest sense so his idea is still somehow unreasonable. The common feature of these studies as well as many others is that their issues will be questionable probably forever.

Generally speaking, a deterministic world has it that everything that happens has roots in the natural or divine laws. They also believe that there is only one possible future (John, James, & Roy, 2008). Generally, we are supposed to be free beings that can determine our future without external influence.

The author states that if this hypothesis is rejected, this leads to an error called Type I Error which occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected even when it is true. Hence Type I error would occur if it was concluded that the infants detected the difference between the slides, when in fact they did not.

Human beings must die because they had sinned against God. Since it is believed that the human race traces its origin to the Biblical Adam, once Adam and Eve had sinned against God, their sins are naturally transferred to us upon our birth. As it had been spelled by God that death is the ultimate punishment for sin, human beings have to die.

Plato belonged to a well off family but not much is known about his early life. There is a legend in reference to Plato’s philosophical expertise that in Plato’s infancy, while he was in deep slumber, some bees approached on his lips and as a result his words

Philosophy is one of the greatest disciplines that ever existed. Unlike most academic-oriented courses that are aimed at the creation of new things, the introduction of extremely new ideas, and other new innovations, philosophy builds on what exists and improves the information, availing it to the readers in the most understandable form. 

How does your example relate to Dr. Sagans allegory? What is the problem with the fire-breathing dragon hypothesis (i.e. what is the issue that Dr. Sagan is

According to the report people engage in thoughts because they have a motive, but there must be the will to conform to reality that purposes happen because there is a choice that is made. Motive aligns with determinist belief that every event has a particular cause. Free will requires control though there are some things that cannot be controlled. 

In Hume’s argument, moral responsibility goes hand in hand with determinism for an individual. Hume goes ahead and performs thorough research on his case and comes up with different findings which he tables and puts on a record. Personal thoughts and opinions depend on the moral responsibility of the individual. It is usually a common assumption that moral responsibility as a virtue is brought about by the characters of a person. 

However, when it comes to generating scientific knowledge, a simple mistake in an argument is able to show the wrong direction of research and this will waste one’s time and resources and bright negative consequences. That is why a scholar should evaluate the soundness and validity of one’s argument.

Political or civic courage (e.g., that of citizen-soldiers), which inspires men to face danger for the sake of honor and renown or to escape the disgrace assigned by law to cowardice. Because it has a noble motive-honor—it is closest to true courage. A lower form of political courage is in which fear of punishment is the only motive.

For, the reasoning is the domain of the mind. When one transcends the mind, divinity is experienced. Repeat, divinity is experiencing, not explaining. The ultimate reality, God, is beyond words. The printed pages cannot capture it. This is the problem between the wrangling intellectuals. The perfect design of things seen in the world. 

The actions are acknowledged as wrong if the motive of the individual in acting is not in good faith regardless of the good consequence accompanying the action. For instance, the action of a police officer in shooting a burglar is wrong despite saving property and another life when he did it to gain a work promotion.

 Toward the end of his essay, Abram writes: “Far from presenting a distortion of their factual relation to the world, the animistic discourse of indigenous, oral people is an inevitable counterpart of their immediate, synaesthetic engagement with the land that they inhabit”(p. 55).  

The film's focus is on the holocaust, but it presents the theme by using comedy to create the two views about the world. Guido develops a different world for his son even unto death the son does not understand the current situation. Giosue’s life is marked by the belief that everything is fine, despite living in the concentration camp, which has racist issues. 

He says that we might be having the same experiences with mad men. He says that the things we experience as we sleep are almost or far worse, thats what mad men experience while they

There are several ethical theories. They include Virtue ethics, Utilitarianism, Kantianism, contract theory, and care ethics (Slote, 52). The text compares and contrast care ethics and virtue ethics to identify their mutual

Stem cell research and therapeutic cloning ought to be allowed. They have enormous potential to treat diseases and prevent the deaths of millions. Opposition to these methods based on the destruction of embryos is not convincing because embryos that have not been implanted lack the intellectual dimensions of an actual human.

In other words, a person’s philosophy may refer to the several beliefs held by a person or the love for wisdom by the person. On the other hand, real situations appear more complicated than what philosophy reveals. Most of the time practical approaches issues in a rigid manner, whereas philosophy approaches issues in an open manner. 

Nevertheless, the latter concept has been the object of interest of the philosophers from the dawn of humanity as there was not

In the chapter titled “Great Britain”, Weiner goes to the city of Slough, which is located near London in U. K. In association with BBC, Weiner conducts a happiness experiment in Slough by taking around fifty volunteers and making them part of a twelve weeks happiness regime. Apart from finding the results and interpreting it.

Rene Descartes discussed and gave the example of how human senses deceive human beings to view things far away as being close to us. For this reason, Descartes argued that some knowledge derived from the senses can be doubted and should be critically scrutinized to find out whether the knowledge is true or not.

The book is about the lifestyle of the guardians and the overall assessment of the city as a whole. Socrates and his companion come up with a discussion about how rulers live comparing it with the normal citizens. He says that being a ruler sounds unpleasant because a ruler does not have a private wealth.

The author states that when a political order based on class is found which seems to lack class conflict, special attention is paid. Marxism is particularly suited to ferreting out the hidden resistance present in religion and ideology. Marxism is of course dedicated to examining the modes of production present in any society.

Jeremy Bentham, the jurist and elder statesman of English philosophy, lives on in his legacy of great ethical and political theorizing. Developing in an age of increasing conservatism and fearfulness of the future, Bentham grew to hold contempt for the past and hope for the future. As such, he is a legendary social reformer and political theorist.

Even up to the end of his days, Socrates was persuading his people to believe in and embrace reason and logic. Indeed, this is the legacy that Socrates has left with us. Plato, as Socrates’ pupil and follower, endeavored successfully to ensure that even after his death, Socrates’ contributions live on.

The fruits of globalization are usually grabbed by the developed countries known to be the super powers of the time. The developing countries on the other hand are mostly the nations

Beauty is a complex subject intertwined with authenticity. That is the function of art, its relationship to nature and life, the distinction of its beauty from the truth, its use, and moral goodness. According to Sartwell, it is a systematic attempt to pit aesthetics against rationality since it views beauty as the teeming opposite of simplicity. 

Descartes proposes that since everything that we do while awake can also happen when we are asleep, we should doubt everything that we have believed is true. As a result, he ventured into meditation to prove his existence. According to Descartes, thinking that one exists and knowing that he/she actually exist are two different scenarios.

I emphasize the word prevailing, because sermons from the political platforms by the politicians that believe in various ideologies are not going to produce any tangible results. I take it that using gun for violent acts is negativity like smoking, drinking, drug

The coping mechanisms used to eliminate human suffering include the deflection of pain and the use of intoxicating substances. Cultural frustration is the inhibition caused by civilization, and the inhibition limits the happiness of people. Freud’s happiness connects with the arguments presented through civilization and disconnect.

The moral responsibility of individuals to love one another is also disputed by Nietzsche because where Christian teachings point out that all human beings have a moral responsibility towards one another because it is the will of God, he holds that the responsibility to love one another is not necessarily dictated by a belief in God.

Firstly, I will extrapolate on the nature of the relationship between the media and terror organizations in the context of Held’s claim. Thereafter, I will describe the interaction between the two showing how the media at times promotes the agenda of terrorists and attempt to prescribe alternative methods they could apply but they appear to ignore.

Nevertheless, the relationship between an individual and the society in general is a subject to debates which try to determine the boundaries of their influence on one another. The concept of bodily autonomy is thought to be of extreme significance in this case.

It is not sufficient to say that a mental state is simply behavioral since a mental state requires intentionality. I believe that intentionality and consciousness are vital in determining a mental state. It is unwise to say the mind is simply behavior or output since there a possibility of a lack of intentionality.

Plantinga contradicts the traditional thought about religion that assumes that religious beliefs necessarily need justification whether known or unknown. His non-conventional through provoked the idea that one does not have faith in the existence of God as a conclusion of the other things upon which he has belief.

This is because no matter how an individual gets pleasure, dreadful things do happen, for example, cancer, conflicts, accidents, epidemic, and fiscal catastrophes. Another disadvantage of pleasure is that no matter how much pleasure one gets, at one point or another

The mind–body question in philosophy investigates the connection between mind and matter and precisely the correlation between consciousness and the physical brain. Premises used in the mind-body debate largely revolve around two predominant concepts. One concept concerns the nature of human beings, and whether human beings comprise only material.

The unity of opposites theory as suggested by Heraclitus states that everything in the universe is an opposite or rather everything connects to an opposite character. He goes further and states that the material universe was formed some Apeiron that produced various elements such as fire and water.

Finally, the paper attempts to establish whether an organization requires plentiful leaders or managers for efficient functioning. Leadership and management are similar in some respects and different

Buddha has given his account of understanding of the matter of happiness. He has addressed it in a manner that is most closely associated with the human nature, the human suffering and the

In prehistoric Greece, there did exist two philosophers who disapprovingly deliberated matters concerning politics, ethics, and science, among others. Although the majority of works done by Plato survived the eras, Aristotle’s innovations have been argued to be more influential, more so when it comes to logical and scientific reasoning. 

The author states that the myth is a concept that describes the held belief or idea that is clearly untrue. It’s a false belief that develops from the accurate understanding of different words or characters. The paper expounds on the ideas forming a myth and its necessity in life as well as the individual opinion of the purpose of the concept.