Engineering and Construction Essays

Furthermore, the current drainage structures should be strong enough to drain the excess water to the rivers. The current building structures are ancient. Therefore, the engineers should ensure that renovation is done on time. This would reduce the collapses and deaths of the occupants. Such buildings should also be strong enough to host residents.

Here one begins with determining surcharge which is calculated as follows  In case q is the surcharge load is given as 30kN/m and Ka  is  or Ka =  and we given  as 35o   and given c’ as 0 this is because the wall is no tilted in any way and we are not given for surcharge. Thus, surcharge coefficient of ranking active pressure is determined as follows Ka =   = 0.271

The meter installed is of high reliability and AADC benefits from laboratory services which are accredited by the international body which in away reduces financial risk and uncertainty that comes with measuring wholesale energy transfers. The metering is usually delivered on agreed timescales so that there is no prolonged disruption to the business.

The supposed step down or step up is normally monitored as a way of determining the relative conditions regarding another transformer so as to plan well certain preventive and maintenance procedures. There are different problems that may occur in a transformer especially when functioning. There are power imbalances or fault fuses, reclosers and circuit breakers.

Displacement was defined as the change in position and it is a vector quantity. A distance was defined as a scalar quantity that is changing from position A to B. there was a definition of speed and velocity as the change position per change in time and was grouped as a vector because it has magnitude and direction for velocity.

Planning allows procedural maintenance work. It clearly defines what needs to be done which could include; the amount of work to be done, an inner explanation of the task level to be handled with regard to the time frame and the requirements, the type of preparation that is supposed to be taken by the persons in charge of performing the task. 

The discussion made in this report has outlined quite clearly the process used in underground mining and with a special focus on shaft mining. The report has also shown how this industry benefits the economy. On the contra side, it has been established that these mines cause environmental degradation and sometimes-outright pollution.

The IGBT switches amplify and controls signals that represent compensated voltages and currents. Within the coupling, the circuit is an output filter section that acts as a low-pass filter which absorbs the high-frequency switching components coming from the PWM inverter but leaves the compensating harmonic currents to flow. 

The project finance for this project is set at $ 6 – 8 billion which is a large sum to manage indeed. The project team shall be guided by the set project delivery systems that are governed by the local laws. This is to aid in financing as the main approach to avoiding constraints that are likely to mar the subcontractor from delivering the project.

The content of this document reports describes the suitability of material investigation and selection on a modern motor car. It touches on issues that concern the relationship between the modern motor car and the material suitability for its various components and the mechanical properties involved in the emission of greenhouse gases in the course of both the production as well as the transportation of the materials.

Contemporary authors such as Chiang and Chen (2006) have approached the concept by first attacking complex systems. A good example they raise is that unexpected patterns of behavior do not reveal special forms of ‘emergent’ properties. Rather, what is done is just an illustration of problems with our understanding of complex systems. 

My work experience proved to be very productive and equipped me with even more skills in the technical aspects of my course. I have learned several concepts and had a feel of the workplace. The challenges encountered during this exercise gave me more confidence as we sought to find solutions to them.

The ethics principles governing engineering practice should strictly adhere. This, in turn, will lead to ethical processes such as efficient communication between the professions, best design, effective or pleasant quality assurance testing, increased knowledge, and skills in the engineering practice.

Waterproofing housing designs aim to address the problems of climate change, flood risks, vulnerabilities, and responding to future challenges by making the houses to be adaptive to future climate changes. The Australian town of Mundubbera is prone to flooding. This reinforces the need for waterproofing housing in the area.

The author's practicum experience took place at the SAUDI ELECTRICITY COMPANY where he was attached to the Engineering and Design Department. This department focuses mainly on Extra High Voltage. The department is subdivided into different sectors where each student undertaking their practicum has to visit.

The initiation of the project has been founded and commenced based on the identification of primary concerns. These included the consideration of both the primary and secondary benefits associated with the fit-out project. The project involved fitting out a call centre through the interior and layout design to realize the maximization of the use of the operational space within the facility.

This report discussed the critical infrastructure process as it applies to the Wonthaggi desalination plant. The plant desalination plant has been deemed critical infrastructure under section 75C of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act) by the Victorian government who considered the project to be “essential for the state".

A countersunk head rivet has a flat head and may have a solid shank or tubular rivet, and are used to join together work-piece materials where the assembled rivet head will be flush with the work piece top. Lastly, POP rivets are utilized in a number of applications to fasten two or more plates together.

A wholly environmental-friendly approach should be used. At the same time, engineers need to progressively take a wider perspective, such as the alleviation of poverty, global connections and social justice. Overall, the decisive role and leadership of engineers in attaining a sustainable environment should not be overlooked.

Safety of use for the toilets and other users during construction. For instance, open pits should be properly covered during construction. Also, the pit latrines should be safe for use for people of all ages, especially children. Construction safety should also be assured for all persons working within the site and project.

The technical completion date of Prima Pearl Tower was June 30th, 2014. Prima Pearl seats in the precincts of Melbourne, Victoria. This building has 72 levels and is 254 meters high. The foundation system’s work and the geotechnical aspects of the building were contracted to Frankipile Australia (Chapman & Stillman, 2014).

The aquatic system is also affected by the activities at the gold mines. Residual cyanide is usually used for the recovery of gold from ore. The dumping of cyanide at the water bodies affects the aquatic lives. The natural environment at the gold mines is usually altered significantly as a result of the activities taking place.

Rates of return for TNA investment will be affected by the rates of inflation and exchange rates that have a direct influence on the future profits of the organization's investment. The compounded annual growth rate is one of the rates of return measures that TNA Company can adopt to determine the rate at which the investment is growing annually for five years.

An Amphibian Vehicle is an automobile that can move on both land and water as deemed necessary during the maneuver (Tran et al 2007). Often, disciplined forces for the purpose of attack use such vehicles (The Star 2009). Military use the forms of vehicles to enable the movement of various forces in different attack lines such as marshy areas, rivers, and across lakes among others (Gonzales et. al 2007).

Ford was founded by Henry Ford in 1903 and the company went ahead to introduce the T-model as its first model in the market in 1908. This company is the largest American based automobile manufacturer with more than 180,000 employees globally. The automotive brands for Ford include Lincoln and Ford. Ford Motor Company is among the listed companies on the New York Stock Exchange. The ford family is among the shareholders and the controllers of the company.

Availability of the equipment documentation is very vital for robust fault finding techniques. The following are the types of documentation that should be made available to help support fault diagnosis and fault location. These types of drawings show the piping of the equipment. They can be used to locate the faults since one is able to understand the general outlook of the equipment.

From the international standards ISO, 1219 – 2 various regulations should be followed when making drawings for Pneumatic and Hydraulic to be used for human activities. These regulations are meant to assist in having a standard system for the safety of users. Some of the requirements are; • Pneumatic and Hydraulic drawing should conform to ISO 1219 – 2. • All the components in the drawing should be according to the symbols recommended by the standard.• All components should be named.

Task 1: Identify industrial work areas where current regulations would arise and describe the role of the HSE inspectorateYou are monitoring for health and safety purposes a team of welders who have to undertake welding repairs to a coastal tanker. There are specific pieces of health and safety legislation that is applicable to all employees, undertaking welding on board a coastal tanker.

The dynamic positioning classification illustrates different classes and it is based on the IMO standards. According to the classification, equipment class 1 does not have redundancy. The loss of position is may also occur in the event of a single fault. However, equipment class 2 has redundancy which enables it to experience system failure in case of a fault.

Speed control of a hydraulic cylinder is accomplished using a flow control valve. A flow control valve controls and regulates the speed of the cylinder by controlling the flow rate to and off the actuator. When the directional monitored valve is actuated to the 1st position, oil flows through the flow control valve to extend the cylinder.

It is easier and cost-effective to control welding distortion during the welding process than performing post-welding rectification. When the weld metal and HAZ expand and then contract rapidly, distortion occurs (Lincoln Electric 2016). One technique for controlling welding distortion is through sequence welding.

Depending on the nature of the structure, the configuration of the various parts vary. For parts that require a square-shaped outcome, square butt welding will be desirable. Therefore, the type of weld joint desirable for a particular task is highly dependent on the joint configuration (Squillace et al. 2004).

The class 3 equipment is more advanced and it can withstand a number of failures without losing direction. This includes flooding or fire at the watertight compartment. Currently, a computer program has the ability to generate mathematical models that are used for providing useful information about dynamic positioning.

Plasma arc gouging is a technique of plasma arc cutting but for gouging, it uses different arc tip in order to cause a reduction in the constriction of the arc. A low arc velocity is produced due to the reduction in arc constriction. The torch arc is usually set at an angle between 30 and 45 degrees from the surface base.

An adjustable immersion hydrometer is a tool, centered on the Archimedes Law. The tool according to the law assists to regulate the liquid density. The hydrometer utilized to calculate the water density where the ship floats are typically made through materials that are not easily corroded.

Navy architecture can be done with a "pelvic ship model". In this process, the technical drawing and the ship's blueprint are translated into templates that facilitate interpretation when designing a ship. Nowadays, thanks to constantly developing technologies, more advanced and complex software such as car maps have been developed.

The Bosch fixed displacement gear pump Model RE 10213 is low cost, rugged, and has a capacity of 3500 psi operating pressure and their displacement is fixed. They have rotating gears to help in the production of flow. As such, the thrust generated by the pump depends on two basic things, which are the speed of the gear and the mass of that fluid to be pumped.

The sixth step involves using an electric current to dissolve alumina using electrolytes. The pure aluminium is received at the bottom of the chamber. The seventh step is whereby; the collected aluminium is put into crucible dishes and is transferred into the furnace where the heat is set so as to make the aluminium foils.

The broaching process entails a series of cutting teeth that remove a portion of stock on the work-piece as the broach moves through the workpiece. For precise tolerance, both roughing and finishing were combined in one operation during the creation of the keyways shown in the figure below (Today's Machining World, 2009).

Nylon has proved to be widely used plastic because of having extreme strength, being wear-resistant and also its self-lubricating properties. The material is also characterized by being resilient, nonmarring, has high impact resistance, with a continuous operating temperature of about 180º F, and it is also lightweight.

It involves heating or chilling the material to cause hardening or softening depending on the desired property. Some of the techniques used in the heat treatment process are tempering, quenching, annealing, case hardening, and normalizing. Heat treatment aims at manipulating the grains in the material by controlling the rate of diffusion and cooling.

The mold utilized in the metal casting is reliant on the produced casting, the involved alloy, and the shape complexity to be cast. The transfer of heat between the mold and solidifying casting is critical for ensuring that the casting is of high quality. The transfer of heat between the mold and the casting is controlled primarily by the mold-metal interface conditions.

The law is based on the energy conservation adapted in the energy-saving process. It states that the internal change of energy in a system can be given equally to work done by a system subtracted from the heat added or absorbed in the system. The isolated energy in the system is constant, whereby there can be the transformation of energy from one form to the other.

Pouring of concrete can be carried out after the concrete has been placed. The supporting column can then be constructed after the foundation has to be developed.  The soil is likely to corrode the structure due to the presence of lime. The cement that resists corrosion from alkali is therefore required during the construction process. 

Fire safety entails the prevention of outbreaks of fire and mitigation of direct and consequential damages by ensuring that the fire is detected early, reducing its spread through structural containment, provision of escape routes, having emergency evacuation procedures in addition of having well-equipped fire fighting means. 

The management style of the project managers must then be given enough attention to ensure the organization and control of the tenderers. The function also includes organizing, which determines what needs to be done, how will it be done, and who will do it, leading to directing and motivating all parties and resolving conflicts.

Here we need to establish a strong link among the whole organizational staff to explain the main requirement quickly. This involves the issues regarding the requirements enlisting through any person. If the staff is not working properly with you or not cooperating, then assessing the requirement is really difficult.

Thus it is very important to perform a real fire analysis since this will enable the fire protection engineer apart from predicting rates of heat transfer to or between different structural elements in a structure but also predict how the element will react under its given lateral and gravity load conditions in case of fire outbreaks.

The specific heat capacity, (Cg) of a substance refers to the amount of heat required to raise the unit mass of the substance by one degree of temperature. Latent heat refers to the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance when undergoing a change of state, for example, ice changing to water or water to steam, at constant pressure and temperature.

Data on travel behaviour is required to build travel demand models. What type of travel behaviour data is needed and how might it be collected?Answer:The questions asked during a study of travel behaviour.