Philosophy Essays

Almost all religions call followers to work and, hence, work is a vocational calling. There are different forms of work, and workers are always at will to change places of work and type of job where possible. Everybody seeks to perform better in their work, as the level of work performance measures the value of a worker. Christianity urges its followers to give labor its due priority but not to idolize it.

If we have an explanation for something, then we will not attempt to push the limits of our knowledge to find the reason why something actually works the way that it does. Hume the empiricist would be essentially opposed to anything that by nature would be setting limitations upon the knowledge that can be gained through human experience.

There is no one best style of leadership. A style for one situation may fail in another situation. In determining leadership styles and models, various variables have to be studied and analyzed: role assumed by the leader, distance of leader to the group being led, knowledge and control of resources, nature of the task, the motivation of worker.

The author Thomas L. Friedman is a columnist for the New York Times and an author of series of other books. He brings a new look at the crises pertaining to the destabilization of the climate and change in the competition of energy. He strongly opposes the activities that promote global warming.

The story is one that is full of comical relief about the way in which the people of the time always related to each other. It brings to light the relationship that existed between master and slave in the Roman Empire. In the entirety, the play was written so as to entertain the people that were free at the time.

In his essay, James Rachels argues that an ethical egoist cannot be refuted or challenged. This paper will deal with this particular argument of James Rachels regarding ethical egoism. My Personal opinion on this claim of James Rachels will also and arguments will be given to support my personal opinion.

Taoism and Confucianism are two of the most influential philosophies in ancient Chinese history. Both have their origins in the sixth century BC, during the Spring and Autumn period, a time when China was divided into many small states. While both philosophies share similar principles such as living in harmony with nature and seeking inner peace, they have distinct differences that set them apart.

The essay also looks into different cultural perspectives on happiness, and how our views of it may differ from one another. Finally, the essay will explore the implications that different forms of happiness can have for our lives and relationships.

Looking back into the historical context can provide insight about how societies, cultures, and people interact with one another; by studying history, we can learn from past mistakes and successes, comprehend our current situation, and better plan for the future.

For some, finding purpose and meaning in life leads to greater happiness and fulfillment; for others, it can become a source of frustration and confusion. Regardless, it is an essential part of life that we all must grapple with at some point in our journey.

The paper "Australian Global Society: Rawl’s Central Argument for Justice as Fairness" is a good example of a term paper on philosophy. John Rawls seeks to explain that justice can only be served through fairness. Rawls tries to explain the concept of justice through what he calls the ‘principles of justice’. He argues that all decisions in society are supposed to be made through a social contract.

Rousseau clearly indicated that man is different from animals for he has the ability to make choices, the ability to act against instinct and inclination, and therefore moral action is possible. A child has rights governing its speech, education, and religion. In case of conflict of interest, the right of the child is considered more important.

Death has had a progressive dissociation that results from the process of human life, through the rituals as well as customs abandonment surrounding the dying and dead people. As a result, death is continuously fought against, very often hidden, and widely ignored. Death and Dying are among the most significant psychological studies.

One of the main basics of the common law system is the concept of justice and fairness personified in classical principles of government. It is important to draw a division between the righteous approach of classicism with its emphasis on the social bond and the balance between the social good and individual liberty which are the center of ‘conservative’ thinking of crime and punishment.

The moment an individual grows powerful than the perpetrator of force, he disobeys it. Such compliance to coercion can neither propel a human being towards duty nor to the higher call of the morals.

Mandela understands that a court of law is more a finder of fact than the truth because truth can be obscured by the emotions of idealism.  That while it is idealism, perhaps, that compels certain actions, it is nonetheless a court, a finder of fact, whose task it is to sift the idealistic “truth” from fact and act according to the facts. 

The very fact that Socrates does not formally establish a final definition of virtue is can be rather attractive. In this sense, he may be acknowledging that virtue is not actually definable, rather it is an element that can only be described. Indeed, to state virtue as a specific factor, such as temperance or patience, confines it unnecessarily.

Nevertheless, Cottingham attempted to consider the lives of those who chose to live following their animalistic instinct, which is being aggressive and egotistical in the absence of restraints. He pondered whether this immoral kind of life, exemplified by his concept of the “committed torturer”, has the right to become meaningful.

This paper has highlighted why multiple realisability is a problem for type-identity theory. The key element underlying multiple realizability objection is the assumption that: looking across species will yield type differences in brains despite the type identities of mental states. There is apparent heterogeneity of the mental domain itself.

In philosophy, the word dualism refers to the activities of the mind. Dualism is the measure of loss in the world. “In dualism, ‘mind’ is contrasted with ‘body’, but at different times, different aspects of the mind have been the center of attention”. Dualism is a set of views, which explains the relationship between mind and matter.

Eliminativists argue that the “folk psychology” has failed mankind--eventually needing replacement with descriptions derived from the neurosciences. Such philosophers thus highlight the significance of biological research, as well as recent findings in artificial intelligence to support the theory (Armstrong, 1999, p. 95).

Intuitionism is an older theory that has its roots in the works of Plato, while Emotivism is a newer theory that developed in part as a response to Intuitionism. While neither theory is perfect, Emotivism has fewer flaws in general.

Maybe this was the reason why Socrates posed a mathematical problem to the slave boy to prove his theory. Socrates picks up a slave boy from Meno’s entourage and gives him a geometrical question for answering. He draws the geometric figure of a square on the ground. But the boy fails to find twice the area of a square when asked to find it.

The hierarchical structure of nature, however, does not give us license to attribute any greater value to one level than to another: all things in nature are equally valuable. Leopold’s egalitarianism in this respect has striking implications for the general concept of a “community”—a concept instrumental to his view. 

Ethics that considers evil in terms of the abstraction of miserable human conditions, pain, suffering, and intolerance, as Neo-liberal ethics considers as “radical evil” in the case of the extermination of the Jews, is the one that prioritizes the concept of evil. However, essentially Badiou asserts that Evil is what human beings perceive because of their inborn Good.

In sum, the notion of truth is relative and very subjective as it reflects historical traditions of social organization and the theory of science. Still, it is possible to say that mathematics possesses universal truth accepted and followed by all people, while art and ethics reflect individual truth typical for some communities or individuals.

What is the most sought after thing in this world of materialistic civilization, impacted by the industrial and internet revolution? The younger generation and nine out of ten replies that they are ‘worried’ about success in life. The remaining one per cent says that they think about the success of their love life. 

It pulls us to examine the extent of what we can fathom to the reality of our existence and our subsequent purpose to which we follow through these inherent complications in what we call life. In a world of constant search, the indefinable is often identified as a failure. The governance of reason over everything is what keeps minds at ease.

There is another important point to make about relativism and morality. Since relativists usually are agnostic or atheists, they might well also call themselves existentialists. This is a very depressing worldview which can mean exactly the same thing as nihilism. There is no meaning to the world. Since God does not exist in everything.

If we are to follow Camus line of thought, what matters in life is not being able to find inherent meaning in the world but the opportunity to create one’s own meaning and purpose by having the freedom to reason and decide for one’s own self. In recognizing that it is absurd to seek any meaning in the universe but still keep striving.

There is so much wonder and strangeness in the world that it is actually quite difficult to do what he did: reduce it all to ash. If he could see how the world is designed for us to live in and enjoy, he would have changed his mind. If he could just look at the beauty around him and stop worrying about his own problems he would have felt better.

The second formula is the formula of humanity. In these regards, Kant believes that an individual should not treat fellow humans as a means to an end, but an end in themselves. For instance, to use a person only to gain access to their garden would be wrong unless there was genuine friendship or personal appreciation involved. 

One can read Derrida and Heidegger in the same manner, observing how the process of text interpretation fuels the growth and expression of subjectivity in life, through writing, understanding, speech, dialogue, and debate – all meta-linguistic means in the semantic context of the post-modern school of thought.

Socrates was occupied with educating the youth population on the importance of moral excellence. Socrates emphasized the need to apply Sophists intellectual principles in moral contexts. Socrates asserted the need of eliminating ignorance before engaging in any deliberative process.

Scientific disagreements are mainly based on ways of knowing, which include perceptions and reason. In most cases, people consider disagreements as bad and an obstacle to the development of knowledge. Although this could be true in some cases, it is not always true. Disagreements can lead to the establishment of new knowledge.

Reality is nothing more than a conception, which is unique to every person. This is the case, as nothing can be identified as real since the perception of every person differs from that of the other, in various areas. The mere fact that we see one thing in a particular way does not mean that it is that way. 

The allegory of Plato’s cave postulates that most people are like prisoners, who see the shadows on the wall, in front of them, and think that is reality, not a shadow. In fact, there are puppeteers on a parapet behind the prisoners. These puppeteers manipulate the puppets, which create shadows on the wall of the cave.

Two books, Augustine’s Confessions and Confucius’s Analects have remained classics for over a millennium, with people drawing a lot of reference from them. Treating one’s family, pursuant of truth, and involvement in society all require good morals and ethical behavior. Therefore, not only have they offered a basis for more authors and researchers, but they have also offered people guidance on equal capacity despite their varying styles.

The paper "Utilitarianism in the Light of Cognitivism and Non-Cognitivism" Is a wonderful example of a Philosophy Essay. The of this paper is to make an analytical persuasion towards the moral and ethical understanding of utilitarian thoughts. The initiations and the determination of the utilitarian aspects are studied under the cognitivism and non-cognitivism. 

The paper "Is Knowledge Even Possible Philosophically?" is an excellent example of an essay on philosophy. It is not easy to come up with one distinct definition of knowledge with regard to various types of knowledge in existence. Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that deals with the scope and nature of knowledge and it is referred to as ‘theory of knowledge’.

In his attempt, Plato uses the analogy of the city and an individual to illustrate the constituents of these entities and their natural order only through logic can be achieved. The conception of justice in the Republic brings about an ideal idea of what a just state should be like.  

The paper "Proof’ Face Creams Beat Wrinkles by BBC" is a delightful example of an article on medical science. The cream protects skin against the sun Reduces wrinkles The cream helps in the production of fibrillin Fibrillin predicts the formulation of collagen Collagen results in skin rejuvenation Two studies provide evidence for the claim made about the cream

The paper “Scientific Reаlism vs Dennett's Instrumentаlism, Eliminаtive Mаteriаlism in the Philosophy of Mind“ is a  breathtaking variant on literature review on philosophy. When we consider аn orgаnism аs hаving а mentаl life, we use а peculiаr set of concepts to describe the orgаnism аnd explаin its behаvior.

The reason being it is difficult to evaluate the correspondence between reality and beliefs using correspondence theory truth. As such, making use of coherence theory is much better as it increases coherence by linking it to the truth. On the other hand, coherence theory entails a historical perspective of someone’s beliefs.

However, knowledge is between the connection between beliefs and evidence and as a result of this, the borders of knowledge can be regarded as flexible, contextual, and are also subject to change. Participation in life is different for many people and they use different ways of participating and seeing the world. As a result, in some circumstances.

The paper "The Philosophy of John Rawls and Ronald Myles Dworkin" is an outstanding example of an essay on philosophy. John Rawls (b. 1921, d. 2002) was a well known political philosopher of American origin who deeply envisioned the good of society based on equal rights for all, encompassed within an economic framework that was both free and egalitarian.

The paper "Eclipse of Reason by Horkheimer" is an inspiring example of a book review on philosophy. Max was a German Jewish sociologist and philosopher whose critical theory works earned him popularity. At the epitome of his career, Max published his book, Eclipse of Reason in 1947.  In his book, he offers key arguments on instrumental reason, subjective reason and objective reason.

In conclusion, it seems that Rene Descartes has presented a compelling argument that the idea of God can’t have ensued from himself although he hasn’t generated a clear argument because of the above-outlined objections. According to Descartes, God is an epistemology necessity in his argument lacking the proof.

The logical conclusion that Plato was right and the decision of selecting leaders should be left to wise or those who are truly informed. People who might fail to concur with such an idea on the ground that it is undemocratic should be advised that such a leadership would be guaranteed of most informed and best minds available.  

In conclusion, since, most of the human deeds are characterized by judgments before and after the action therefore in the light of the tenets, it is not clear which life one should go for. That is, to kill a person and then offer a logical justification behind the killing (Crisp, 1997). These views are contradictory.