Biology Essays

Considering the fact that insect species differ from place to place, the instar larvae have consistency and a remarkable succession in the world.  For entomologists to estimate the PMI using the larvae and also to determine the time a given corpse has been lying in a given area, they use the larvae from the insects.

I would conduct the experiment with the LabQuest attached to the source. By doing this, the data would be more consistent with that of its natural environment. Several factors affect the rate of transpiration; they are dependent on the plant structure, such as the environment the plant grows and the type of stem the plant possesses.

The project needed more variables like saturation rates and outside factors like humidity and sun exposure.  I would conduct the experiment with the LabQuest attached to the source.  By doing this, the data would be more consistent with that of its natural environment. Several factors affect the rate of transpiration;

The graph above shows the impact of doubling the budgeted amount (130) for fishing restrictions. It is evident from the figure above that the increase in allocation of money to fishing restrictions results in increases in GM cost from year zero to one. The cost break-even at year two where PV exceeds GM Cost. The restriction does not yield much NPV from year 16 since GM and PV line flattens.

In the given study they have selected 478 white subjects (231 male and 247 female) all from nuclear families and 272 black subjects (89male and 183 female). A subject having age from 17 years to 65 years and those who have cardiovascular disease, diabetes, undergoing treatment for lowering the lipid, etc were excluded from the study.

Gene guns have an advantage over the other techniques because it only requires a very small amount of DNA to elicit an immune response. In addition, bombardment is a fast and quick method, which allows for the uptake of the DNA vaccine by other cells that can express the antigen, which allows for the steady supply of antigen and continuous activation of immunity.

Twenty days after fertilization, the foundations for the major systems are established. On the third week of gestation, the heart starts to beat, and at the 8th week, the fetus, still an inch long is fully complete with the organs and system that are present in an adult. Full-term babies are ready to be delivered after 38 weeks gestation period.  

Lichen is an organism that mainly consists of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner. They grow together on the lichen in what is referred to as a symbiotic relationship. Some lichens appear to look like leaves and are referred to as foliose lichens while others cover the whole trunk and branches of trees and are referred to as crustose lichens.

The paper “Novel Protein of the Animal Parasite, Toxoplasma Gondii” is a potent example of a lab report on biology. Exon/ Intron structure of the toxoplasma gondii is that it consists of a 35 kb genome that segregates and replicates with an organelle during the proliferation of the parasite. The presence of apicoplast that segregates with the daughter cells.

However, this approach became rather contentious and was beset by many problems. It excluded prokaryotes, photosynthetic protists, and fungi which are also living organisms that exist on the face of the earth. Consequently, the five-kingdom system was proposed by Robert H. Whittaker and soon implemented in 1969 (Gupta 112).

GM food interferes with the soil and its properties. There are possible effects on unintended soil microorganisms that usually have a useful role in day to day bio-geographical cycles and crop residue degradation. GM food crops also deplete soil microorganisms that enhance soil fertility and determine other organisms’ micro-environments. 

Starch, triacylglycerol and a protein are the major components of food in the body. Starch is a component of food and a polymer of carbohydrates. Starch is made up of units of glucose. Glycoside bonds join together the glucose units of starch forming a polymer of carbohydrate. Glucose is a polysaccharide which many plants use to store their energy.

Research in life sciences involves complex structures and molecules that are associated with biological materials like nucleic acids, proteins and other molecules like tissues and cell organelles. Isolation of biological materials is, therefore, necessary to achieve advances in medical diagnostics and proper treatment.

The aim was the experiment was to assess how bacteria differ from each other by subjecting gram stains through a physical and chemical process. We exposed the bacteria to staining through violet and other simple procedures to determine at the end of its gram-positive or gram-negative or manifest the characteristics of both.

In 2008-2010, the disparity ratio of African American to white infant mortality rate was 2.7, meaning that an African American infant was 2.7 times more likely to die than a white infant. Despite the declining mortality rates among all racial groups, disparities exist. The infant mortality rate among non-Hispanic blacks was 2.8 higher than among non-Hispanic whites.

The paper "Evaluation of Extraction Methods for Trypsin Enzymes From Corn Using a Colourimetric Protein Assay" is an outstanding example of a biology literature review. This chapter entails the review of the methods of trypsin enzyme extraction from corn. It incorporates the analysis of the processes right from the growing, harvesting, preparation, extraction and purification.

The paper "Mоnitоring Siсklе Сеll Anaemia" is an outstanding example of biology coursework. The monitoring of sickle cell anaemia is important for better management and treatment in patients suffering from the disease. It is evident that sickle cell anaemia is a disease which is prevalent to both children and adults.

This paper "Global Warming as It Is" is a good example of a Biology essay. It explores the factors that lead to global warming thereby establishing links with the motions of the sun as a cause of global warming. The increase in the earth's temperature is known as global warming. A general belief is that it is caused by the greenhouse effect. However, it is argued that global warming is in fact a result of the motions of the Sun. 

The paper “Use of Ultrasound in Cell and Effects of Concentration, Power and Temperature in the Breaking Algae” is an affecting example of the biology research proposal. The aim of this study is to establish the use of ultrasound in cells and the effects of concentration, power, and temperature in the breaking algae.

According to Laisene (2013), a normal sperm should have a nucleus that is smooth with a length of approximately 4.74 ±0.28μm and a width of 3.30 ±0.20μm on average. Additionally, the neck should be straight and the mid-piece should be slender and approximately 7.5-8μm long, and should not have any cytoplasmic droplets, whose presence is an indication of the immaturity of the sperm (Gadea, 2002).

Disinfectants have proved to be effective in reducing the microbial count on keyboard surfaces rather than removing them completely. These disinfectants have been recommended for use regularly as well as when the need arises for them to be effective (Ali et. al., 2013, Enemuor, et. al., 2013; Messina et. al., 2013).

IMMATURES -their heads are well developed with Ocelli and mouthparts adapted for chewing. -3 pairs of thoracic legs (do not have abdominal prologs) Body forms include; -campodeiform- lean, active crawlers -Scarabeiform- grub-like, fleshy and C-shaped body. Elateriform- wireworms which are elongate and cylindrical with a hard exoskeleton and tiny legs

Koch's postulate proves that disease-causing pathogens could be transmitted from one organism to another. Bassi and Pasteur, however, in their research were not able to isolate the causal organism thus they were not able to identify the actual cause of the disease (Walker, 2008). Besides being able to isolate the causal pathogen, Koch also correlated the specific pathogen that caused the disease.

Dekant (2003) has summarized the transformation of Vicinal haloalkanes to nephrotoxins. They are “transformed by glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed reactions to mutagenic and nephrotoxic S-(2-haloethyl) glutathione S-conjugates. Electrophilic episulphonium ions are the ultimate reactive intermediates formed and interact with nucleic acids.

Technology is changing at a faster rate and many scientists are trying different means to satisfy the requirements of humans. Many projects and researches have been carried out with different rates of success. However, the research that is mostly debated on is the idea of genetic engineering.

Phonocardiograph is an instrument that is used to detect sounds that are produced by the pumping mechanism of the heart as illustrated by Arthur & John (2006). An electronic stethoscope has been developed which has a microphone helping in amplifying sounds made by the heart and therefore detecting abnormalities present.

The mineral which is considered to be macro or well such as potassium magnesium and phosphorus are more available at pH levels between 6 and 6.5 while those that are known to inhibit plant and root development are tied to soil particles at this level of pH. Consequently, forage crops can absorb the necessary minerals at this pH.

The document has explored the critical purpose of creating an emergency box. Significantly, in order to curb the current swine flu in Australia, each family ought to have an emergency box with enough supplies to cater to the members.  Additionally, family members should follow the advice of the public health authorities in their locality.

The drawback to this cell therapy theoretically in the current state is that the technology is still the new hence reprogramming process is yet to be known clearly. In Australia, it will be achieved easily since numerous research organizations are carrying out the research activity to improve the efficiency of these methods in treating patients.

The third examination technique is the rhesus blood cluster (Rh) whereby red cells are rhesus typed and it is an indomitable thorough inspection of their reactions with anti-D serum (Storry, & Olsson, 2009). This does not necessitate the habitual testing of Rh antigens for the reason that, there is the absence of naturally stirring Rhesus antibodies.

Plasmid maps are a graphical illustration of plasmids that shows the positions of the main identifiable markers on DNA such as genes, names of the plasmid, and restriction enzyme sites. They show essential features of the plasmid and they are used to plan cloning strategy and confirm if the DNA clone has been constructed successfully.

The marine life possesses physiological advancements that enable them to maintain water and ionic balance in their bodies, so that the can repulse the water loss to the environment. These adaptations are physiological, most of which are kidney and urine concentration ability, water sources, feeding behaviors, renal responses, and hormonal regulations.

The bird is relatively terrestrial and can go for long periods without flying, despite being a bona fide long-distance drifter, where some may travel up to 7,500 kilometers during the course of one year, From UAE to Afghanistan, Kazakhstan and into China. The Houbara Bustard is categorized as ‘endangered’ given their steady decline in numbers. 

Aleksandrova et al (2016, p.5) argue that NGS is more effective and has more advantages than CGH because it reduces the cost for DNA sequencing, can detect the entire chromosome aneuploidies and also NGS can extensively be used in choosing the best embryo for implantation due to its ability to detect segmental changes in the embryo.

Both society and biology have taught us a lot of things that regard the normal life of a human being beginning from birth to death. What we obviously know is that every human being undergoes physical, psychological, and social changes during their entire lifetime (Ropper et al 2005). These changes are normal and are sometimes inevitable.

The earliest evidence for life on Earth can be traced through the evolution processes of living and fossil organisms, for the period that the earth has been known to exist. Scientists claim that the Earth has been in existence for approximately 4.5 billion years, with life appearing on earth in its initial 1 billion years.

Enzymes are protein complexes working in the intracellular environment of living organisms, with the role of catalyzing biochemical reactions. Almost all biochemical processes in the cells require energy supply to facilitate amplified rates of biochemical reactions at phases that can support the life of the organism as referred to as basal metabolic rates.

The investigation of the effect of temperature and enzyme concentration can be done by varying various variables such as the concentration of the enzymes, and temperature. Chymosin can be used in the investigation of the rate at which milk coagulates at specific temperatures and over a range of temperatures.

Dogs are creatures that need the right food to sustain their growth, activity, and live healthily. Depending on the required calorie intake based on the level of activity, breed, age, and state of the dog, a balanced diet is required. It should contain the right amounts of nutrients such as carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, ls, and water.

The latest experiment was carried out to evaluate the duty of genetic influences in stopping smokers from using tobacco. Carmelli came up with evidence that genes are involved in relapse. The latest outcomes encourage people on the significance of considering phenotypic complexity of ND in investigations concerning genes.

The reaction was stopped eventually, by adding 0.5ml of 1M sodium carbonate at 30 seconds intervals and the contents mixed. The spectrophotometer was set to read absorbance at 420nm. Time sample from each flask was used as the blank to zero the spectrophotometer. The absorbances of the incubated samples were read separately and recorded.

These fatty acids are esterified in the liver to glycerol phosphate to form triacylglycerol and are transported to the adipose tissue in lipoprotein particles, such as very low-density lipoproteins. Triacylglycerols are not taken up by adipocytes; rather, they are first hydrolyzed by an extracellular lipoprotein lipase for uptake.

The reasoning for this is that the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute awarded its Prize in 2006 to the discoverers of RNA interference Andrew Fire and Craig Mello and observed that RNAi has already found widespread use in basic science to study the function of genes, leading to the development of new drugs in the future.

The Dry Tortugas are a subtropical chain but the influence of the warm waters around gives it a tropical climate. Wherever on the islets, there is enough topsoil there is lush vegetation with exotic fauna. Also, the coral reefs in the waters are rich in marine. The ecosystem of these exotic islets is constantly threatened by pollution. 

In addition to organic structures, advances are likely to continue in engineering artificial tissues and organs for humans. Multi-functional materials are being developed that provide both structure and function or that have different properties on different sides, enabling new applications and capabilities. Sterically stabilized polymers could also be used for drug delivery. 

The ability to produce toxins is generally specific to a particular bacterial species that causes the disease associated with the toxin. For example, only Clostridium tetani produce tetanus toxin, which can kill an adult human upon their coming in contact with only a tiny amount (microgram) of the toxin.

This organism has been shown to have become such a threat in various institutions around the globe.  The implicated clinical significance of this organism has greatly been fostered by its implicated ability to develop a number of drug resistance determinants. This is thus an organism that stands to greatly threaten the antibiotic industry.

The age in the discussion (0-1years and 5-11 years) display a great difference in both physiological and anatomical features, even though they both haven’t reached maturity so it will be futile to refute the relationship existed between various responses of humans to their ages in any social, economical, or even spiritual situations.

The genus Aquilaria is moistly commonly known in Middle east countries for its production of Agarwood. This means that the species from Aquilaria plants are of high economic value hence they are highly exploited in these countries. According to Hilton-Taylor (2002), The continued exploitation of the Aquilaria plants has resulted in its decreasing population in the world.

Many-many relationships of protein molecules imply that the chemical structure is connected to many molecules therefore breaking the bond becomes difficult. Some of the structures are bonded. Many-many relationship means that discovering the functions of a protein will require more energy than when it is many-one or one-one.